Fundamental Rights of India: Articles 12-35 Detailed Guide | Laxmi Coaching
TheHixvy . Updated : March 28, 2026
Fundamental Rights of India: Hamare Maulik Adhikar
Samvidhan dwara diye gaye 6 sabse bade adhikar jo har bhartiya nagrik ko jaanna chahiye.
Introduction (Bhumika)
Bharat ka Samvidhan (Constitution of India) duniya ka sabse bada likhit samvidhan hai. Iske Part III (Article 12 to 35) mein "Fundamental Rights" ka zikr kiya gaya hai. Inhe "Magna Carta of India" bhi kaha jata hai.
Fundamental Rights yaani "Maulik Adhikar" woh adhikar hain jo kisi bhi insaan ke basic development aur dignity ke liye zaroori hote hain. Agar koi sarkar ya vyakti aapke in adhikaron ka hanan (violation) karta hai, toh aap seedhe Supreme Court ya High Court ja sakte hain.
The 6 Fundamental Rights
Right to Equality
Article 14-18: Kanoon ki nazar mein sab barabar hain.
Right to Freedom
Article 19-22: Bolne aur ghumne ki azadi.
Right Against Exploitation
Article 23-24: Shoshan ke khilaaf adhikar.
Freedom of Religion
Article 25-28: Kisi bhi dharm ko manne ki azadi.
Cultural & Educational
Article 29-30: Minority groups ki shiksha aur culture ka bachav.
Constitutional Remedies
Article 32: Adhikaron ki raksha ke liye court jane ka haq.
1. Right to Equality (Samanta ka Adhikar)
Yeh adhikar kehta hai ki kanoon (law) sabke liye ek hai. Chahe koi President ho ya ek aam aadmi, kanoon sab par barabar lagu hota hai. Ismein "Untouchability" (Chhuachhoot) ko khatam kiya gaya hai (Article 17).
2. Right to Freedom (Azadi ka Adhikar)
Iske andar Article 19 hamein 6 tarah ki azadi deta hai:
- Freedom of speech and expression (Bolne ki azadi)
- Assemble peacefully (Bina hathiyar ke ikattha hone ki azadi)
- Form associations (Sangathan banane ki azadi)
- Move freely across India (Pure desh mein ghumne ki azadi)
- Reside anywhere in India (Kahin bhi rehne ki azadi)
- Practice any profession (Koi bhi kaam karne ki azadi)
💡 Interesting Fact: Right to Property?
Shuruat mein 7 Fundamental Rights the. Lekin 44th Amendment Act (1978) ke zariye "Right to Property" ko Fundamental Rights ki list se hata kar ek normal legal right (Article 300A) bana diya gaya. Isliye ab sirf 6 rights hi bache hain.
3. Right Against Exploitation (Shoshan ke Khilaaf)
Article 23 aur 24 bachon aur gareebon ki raksha karte hain. Yeh Human Trafficking (insaanon ki kharid-faroht) aur Child Labour (14 saal se kam umar ke bachon ka factory mein kaam karna) ko kanoon-an jurm maanta hai.
Articles at a Glance
| Article Range | Right Name | Key Highlight |
|---|---|---|
| 14 - 18 | Equality | No discrimination based on religion, caste, sex. |
| 19 - 22 | Freedom | Personal liberty and speech protection. |
| 23 - 24 | Exploitation | Prohibition of forced labor and child labor. |
| 25 - 28 | Religion | State has no official religion (Secularism). |
| 32 | Remedies | Heart & Soul of the Constitution (Dr. Ambedkar). |